Simulation Of Electronic Systems Research Articles

Virtual Reality-Based Design and Performance Simulation of Electronic and Communication Systems

Virtual Reality-Based Design and Performance Simulation of Electronic and Communication Systems

A complete compact model for simulation of organic electronic systems

Organic Electronics provides multiple technological advantages such as low cost, flexibility, solution processability and waste reduction through the use of new materials and alternative fabrication techniques in the microelectronic world. The use of additive and printed fabrication processes allows the development of instantly fabricated, fully additive, low temperature processing together with lightweight, bendable, scalable and sustainable systems. Different models have been presented in the field but none of them with an industrial implementation. Complete simulation models are very useful for circuit production and commercialization since the organic electronics market is expected to grow in the near future and the need for industrial solutions for designers will increase. For this reason and for the first time, we present a compact model of DC and AC behaviour combined with different ambient conditions and parameter variability for full organic electronic system simulations.

Electrical Measurement and Control Skills for Manpower Development in Nigeria

The study was conducted to ascertain the electrical measurement and control skills needed for manpower development in Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique was used in the study whose sample is composed of 82 subjects (24 electrical graduates and 58 supervisors). One research question guided the study. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire by the researchers titled ‘Electrical Measurement and Control Skills for Development Questionnaire (EMCSDQ)’. EMCSDQ was designed on a 5-point Likert Scale. Three experts validated the instrument whose reliability was ascertained via Cronbach’s Alpha which yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.83. A total of 89 copies of the questionnaire were administered to the respondents by the researchers and one other research assistant. From the total questionnaire distributed, only 82 (representing 92.1%) was recovered and used for data analysis. Mean was used to answer the research question and standard deviation was used determine the closeness and homogeneity in the responses of the respondents. The finding of the study revealed that electrical measurement and control skills of instrument calibration, system servicing, troubleshooting and maintenance, electronic system simulation among others are needed for manpower development. Consequently, it was recommended among others that the government and polytechnic administrators should ensure adequate provision of training facilities in polytechnics workshops and laboratories; effective students industrial work experience scheme (SIWES); engage experienced lecturers and instructors in polytechnics for quality manpower development of graduates.

Modelling and Performance Analysis of Grid Connected PMSG Based Tidal Generation System

Globally, most national grid relies on fossil fuel with consequent economic burdens, environmental pollution and global warming. Hence, Tidal energy possesses the capacity to mitigate the emission of carbon dioxide because it is clean, abundant, less expensive and predictable. However, the power output from Tidal energy generation system (TEGS) fluctuates due to changes in tidal flow whereby causing power instability. This work is geared at fundamentally model, simulate and control TEGS since it encounters problems such as harmonics, frequency fluctuations and voltage sags. These problems are resolved using a nonlinear controller coupled with a high-speed simulation of circuit-oriented electrical and digital electronic systems. The generator power output is optimised by utilising various control methods as proposed to control the voltage and frequency which is a Voltage Oriented Control technique that relies on high level performance 𝑑𝑞‐coordinate controllers. The system simulation is implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The current controller and DC‐link voltage controller are designed using Internal Model Control method. The simulation results show the system performance in response to the load and dc‐bus voltage step changes while directly running a Simulink model as a controller. The performance and validity of the preferable control method is verified by the simulation results and corresponds to available literature. The simulated results show that the controller can stabilise the constant dc-link voltage under dynamic and steady-state performance of the system.

“Tools to tap into the content of human minds”

As research has shown, future motor vehicle mechatronic technicians at the end of their vocational training often fail to successfully diagnose electric and electronic car systems. The project presented in this paper aims at integrating an existing simulation of electronic car systems into two interactive multimedia training programs yet to be developed. Both training programs will focus on the apprentices’ so-called reception competences on different competence levels, and will be evaluated for effectiveness. In a first step, missing evidence on the apprentices’ cognitive barriers in diagnosis-related reception processes was collected. Based on their performance in a pre-test, 24 participants were selected for participation in think-aloud interviews and cognitive labs. The resultant data were analysed and provide a promising basis for developing the training programs. On top of that, our research has yielded valuable findings that shed light on unanswered scientific questions and practical issues, a fact that underlines the power of both interview techniques.

Design of Attack and Defense Framework for 1553B-based Integrated Electronic Systems

In recent years, security incidents of integrated electronic systems occur frequently. The security analysis of integrated electronic systems has attracted wide attention. The majority of existing works are aimed at detecting specific security risks. However, there is a lack of underlying framework for the security analysis and the protection methods for the integrated electronic systems. This article designs an attack and defense framework to evaluate the security of integrated electronic systems based on MIL-STD-1553B data bus. We set up a simplified integrated electronic system simulation environment and apply the designed attack and defense framework to simulate attacks and evaluate the security of protection methods proposed for integrated electronic systems.

Effective ship domain – Impact of ship size and speed

The ship domain is a concept commonly proposed as a safety assessment criterion in planning collision avoidance manoeuvres of a ship or its safe route. The work presents authors’ methods for determining an effective ship domain based on tests using Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) simulator. The tests were conducted on non-autonomous real time models of ships steered by expert navigators. Domains were determined for ships of different sizes and speeds. The ship domain was approximated to an ellipse. The study covered absolute and relative domains, the latter defined in ship length units. The dependence of the domain shape and size on ship size and speed has been analysed and described. The formulated analytical relationships enable us to determine the domain of a ship varying in size and speed.

TurboRVB: A many-body toolkit for ab initio electronic simulations by quantum Monte Carlo.

TurboRVB is a computational package for ab initio Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations of both molecular and bulk electronic systems. The code implements two types of well established QMC algorithms: Variational Monte Carlo (VMC) and diffusion Monte Carlo in its robust and efficient lattice regularized variant. A key feature of the code is the possibility of using strongly correlated many-body wave functions (WFs), capable of describing several materials with very high accuracy, even when standard mean-field approaches [e.g., density functional theory (DFT)] fail. The electronic WF is obtained by applying a Jastrow factor, which takes into account dynamical correlations, to the most general mean-field ground state, written either as an antisymmetrized geminal power with spin-singlet pairing or as a Pfaffian, including both singlet and triplet correlations. This WF can be viewed as an efficient implementation of the so-called resonating valence bond (RVB) Ansatz, first proposed by Pauling and Anderson in quantum chemistry [L. Pauling, The Nature of the Chemical Bond (Cornell University Press, 1960)] and condensed matter physics [P.W. Anderson, Mat. Res. Bull 8, 153 (1973)], respectively. The RVB Ansatz implemented in TurboRVB has a large variational freedom, including the Jastrow correlated Slater determinant as its simplest, but nontrivial case. Moreover, it has the remarkable advantage of remaining with an affordable computational cost, proportional to the one spent for the evaluation of a single Slater determinant. Therefore, its application to large systems is computationally feasible. The WF is expanded in a localized basis set. Several basis set functions are implemented, such as Gaussian, Slater, and mixed types, with no restriction on the choice of their contraction. The code implements the adjoint algorithmic differentiation that enables a very efficient evaluation of energy derivatives, comprising the ionic forces. Thus, one can perform structural optimizations and molecular dynamics in the canonical NVT ensemble at the VMC level. For the electronic part, a full WF optimization (Jastrow and antisymmetric parts together) is made possible, thanks to state-of-the-art stochastic algorithms for energy minimization. In the optimization procedure, the first guess can be obtained at the mean-field level by a built-in DFT driver. The code has been efficiently parallelized by using a hybrid MPI-OpenMP protocol, which is also an ideal environment for exploiting the computational power of modern Graphics Processing Unit accelerators.

Analysis of the Effect of Electronic Chart Display and Information System Simulation Technologies in Maritime Education

AbstractAn accident that may occur during maritime transport has substantially tangible, intangible, and environmental consequences. Approximately 85% of accidents at sea depend on human and communication factors. Therefore, it is expected to prevent adverse events in advance and to determine the procedures to be followed with simulator trainings before navigation at sea. National and international agreements set a standard for seafarers' education programs. The use of the simulator is recommended according to the Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) for maritime training, which is in accordance with international standards. These training programs should be designed to improve seafarers' ability in order to make accurate decisions, think quickly, and find solutions. Developments in the field of technology have enabled a wide range of simulation applications in electronic devices. The studies have shown that the professional knowledge of students has been increased with simulator-based education in many professions. This article presents a comparison that was made between simulation training and theoretical education. Two hundred surveys were conducted for 100 maritime students who received Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) simulation training. It is aimed to measure the effect of ECDIS computer simulators on educational efficiency and suggest the use of simulators for the training of maritime students.

Far Off Equilibrium Dynamics in Clusters and Molecules

This brief review illustrates on a few typical applications fully fledged dynamical simulations of finite electronic systems (atoms, molecules, clusters) using time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT). It concentrates on aspects which are different from nuclear applications. These are: the correct handling of electron emission, the self-interaction correction, the enormous versatility of laser excitation to probe systems properties, and with it the exploitation of detailed observables of electron emission as photo-electron angular distributions and photo-electron spectra (PES). Finally, we demonstrate the impact of electronic dissipation putting question marks on the reliability of TDDFT simulations over long times.

Computer Simulation of Complex Electronic Systems of Navigation Systems

The paper proposes ways to reduce the time and improve the quality of development of electronic equipment using computer simulation. The paper considers an example of the development and debugging of a radio-electronic module, which has found its direct application in a local navigation system that operates on the basis of the method of point landmarks. The paper considers a hardware-software complex for the implementation of the study of the health of both individual functional units and radio rangefinder equipment as a whole, as well as for the modernization of the radio-electronic module of the navigation system. The various computer simulation environments available today allow the development and design of electronic equipment at various levels. In the proposed work, computer simulation was carried out in MATLAB / Simulink, LabVIEW, Multisim and MicroCap. The work also provided for the possibility of using data collection and processing modules, which provides the opportunity in one software development and modeling environment to compare the results obtained using simulation modeling and physical research of the object. The result of the work is a hardwaresoftware kit of the radio-electronic module of the navigation system through which it is possible to evaluate the influence of various external influences on the accuracy of determining the range from the interrogator (moving object) to the transponder (stationary beacon).

THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE VISUAL ATTENTION IN THE TRAINING OF STUDENT-PILOTS FOR THE FLIGHT ACTIVITY

The gain in the aviation disasters in recent years is associated with errors of the crew due to the increasing amount of information coming from onboard systems which must be read and processed correctly. The main reason for these errors is the inappropriate distribution of the visual attention when piloting the instrument, despite the fact that training requirements are executed and aviation equipment is operated. The article is devoted to the study of the student-pilots` patterns of the distribution and switching of visual attention in the training vehicle with high-tech electronic system simulation of flight activity. Oculomotor activity (blinks, fixations and saccades) was analyzed by means of a modern system of registration of eye movements by eye-tracker SMI ETG in the form of glasses, sensorimotor reactions (variational cardiointervalometry, simple oculomotor reaction, reaction to a moving object and static tremometry) and physiological parameters (systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate). The number of cycles of sight fixation, the average time of sight fixation on the main parameters of the dashboard were analyzed. The effect of flight characteristics and experience of piloting on the studied characteristics is identified. The experience of flying increases the number of attention` switching cycles and the complexity of their structure. The more experienced students pay less attention to the attitude indicator, so they have time to read important flight parameters such as flight course, flight elevation and airspeed, which leads to the improvement of the quality of piloting. The capability to distribute and shift attention was established to reduce the development of fatigue in the process of instrument flying, and thus avoid a possible accident situation.

ELECTRONIC SPARK ADVANCE IGNITION SYSTEM SIMULATOR AS INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA FOR ASSISTING ELECTRICAL PRACTICES ON AUTOMOTIVE FIELD

This paper discusses the development of simulators as instructional media for learning Electronic Spark Advance System in vehicle technology and its advisability. Simulators were developed to assist students in learning the skills and practical knowledge of the electronic ignition system in vehicle engine. The simulator was developed by applying 10 development stages. Development stages included: analyzing the problems, needs analysis, product design, design implementation, expert assessment, limited testing (small classes), product revisions, large usage / class testing, product revisions, and get suitable product. The development result was a replica of ESA system separated from vehicle system. The ignition system components were arranged on the acrylic board, so it can be used by the students safely and easily for: (1) identifying components, (2) inspect components, (3) inspect ignition circuit, (4) conducting ignition system adjusting, and (5)simulating ignition system.  Based on the material and learning media aspects with the results of limited trials as well as usage trials show that the developed ESA's electronic ignition system simulator was suitable to use, so it can help students to learn and practice skills related to maintenance jobs and repair ESA's electronic ignition system more easily.

Büttiker probes and the recursive Green's function: An efficient approach to include dissipation in general configurations

An efficient and compact approach to the inclusion of dissipative effects in Non-Equilibrium Green's Function (NEGF) simulations of electronic systems is introduced. The algorithm is based on two well known methods in the literature, firstly that of the so-called Recursive Green's Function (RGF) and secondly that of B\"uttiker probes. Numerical methods for exact evaluation of the Jacobian are presented by a direct extension to RGF which can be modularly included in any codebase that uses it presently. Then using both physical observations and numerical methods, the computation time of the B\"uttiker probe Jacobian is improved significantly. An improvement to existing phonon models within B\"uttiker probes is then demonstrated in the simulation of fully atomistic graphene nanoribbon based field effect transistors in n-i-n and p-i-n operation.

Ternary Electronic Logic Systems Automation: A Novel Study Based on VHDL Language - First Part: Ternary Logic Gates

In this scientific paper, a software library for Ternary logic gates will be built based on VHDL language to be used in the implementation of combinational Ternary logic circuits. The VHDL language had been designed to be used to automate and design Binary electronic logic systems. Therefore, several problems have been arised in adapting the VHDL language to be used with Ternary electronic logic systems. However, these problems have been solved and the result were encouragement to continue the study with the other Ternary components, so that a complete software library based on VHDL language for different Ternary components will be used as a tool in the design and simulation of Ternary electronic logic circuits and systems. 
 Keywords: Ternary logic, Ternary logic gates, VHDL language.

Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory for Open Systems and Its Applications.

Photovoltaic devices, electrochemical cells, catalysis processes, light emitting diodes, scanning tunneling microscopes, molecular electronics, and related devices have one thing in common: open quantum systems where energy and matter are not conserved. Traditionally quantum chemistry is confined to isolated and closed systems, while quantum dissipation theory studies open quantum systems. The key quantity in quantum dissipation theory is the reduced system density matrix. As the reduced system density matrix is an O(M! × M!) matrix, where M is the number of the particles of the system of interest, quantum dissipation theory can only be employed to simulate systems of a few particles or degrees of freedom. It is thus important to combine quantum chemistry and quantum dissipation theory so that realistic open quantum systems can be simulated from first-principles. We have developed a first-principles method to simulate the dynamics of open electronic systems, the time-dependent density functional theory for open systems (TDDFT-OS). Instead of the reduced system density matrix, the key quantity is the reduced single-electron density matrix, which is an N × N matrix where N is the number of the atomic bases of the system of interest. As the dimension of the key quantity is drastically reduced, the TDDFT-OS can thus be used to simulate the dynamics of realistic open electronic systems and efficient numerical algorithms have been developed. As an application, we apply the method to study how quantum interference develops in a molecular transistor in time domain. We include electron-phonon interaction in our simulation and show that quantum interference in the given system is robust against nuclear vibration not only in the steady state but also in the transient dynamics. As another application, by combining TDDFT-OS with Ehrenfest dynamics, we study current-induced dissociation of water molecules under scanning tunneling microscopy and follow its time dependent dynamics. Given the rapid development in ultrafast experiments with atomic resolution in recent years, time dependent simulation of open electronic systems will be useful to gain insight and understanding of such experiments. This Account will mainly focus on the practical aspects of the TDDFT-OS method, describing the numerical implementation and demonstrating the method with applications.

Analysis of nonlinear heat exchange phenomena in natural convection cooled electronic systems

Thermal simulations of electronic systems usually are carried out employing linear models whose element values do not depend on temperature. The hypothesis on system linearity can be verified in practice by the summation of measured heating and cooling curves. When a considered problem is linear, at all time instants the curves always add up to the straight line corresponding to the steady state temperature value.However, the experiments carried out for a natural convection cooled power device with a heat sink showed that the temperature dependence of the heat transfer coefficient results in the appearance of a characteristic hump in this curve. A simple analytical model was developed here to predict the location of this extremum. The analyses presented in this paper are valid when the thermal time constant reflecting the thermal capacitance of a heat sink and the heat exchange with ambient is dominant.

Structural and electronic characteristics of intercalated monopotassium–rubrene: Simulation on a commodity computing cluster

The structural and electronic characteristics of the intercalated monopotassium–rubrene (K1Rub) are studied. In the intercalated K1Rub, one of the two pairs of phenyl groups of rubrene is intercalated by potassium, whereas the other pair remains pristine. This structural feature facilitates the comparison of the electronic structures of the intercalated and pristine pairs of phenyl groups. It is found that, in contrast to potassium adsorption to rubrene, the potassium intercalation promotes the carbon [Formula: see text] orbitals of the intercalated pair of phenyls to participate in the electronic structures of HOMO. Additionally, this intercalated K1Rub is used as a testing vehicle to study the performance of a commodity computing cluster built to run the General Atomic and Molecular Electronic Structure System (GAMESS) simulation package. It is shown that, for many frequently encountered simulation tasks, the performance of the commodity computing cluster is comparable with a massive computing cluster. The high performance-cost-ratio of the computing clusters constructed with commodity hardware suggests a feasible alternative for research institutes to establish their computing facilities.

APPLICATION OF SOFTWARE PACKAGES IN RESEARCH AND DIDACTICS

The paper describes software packages National Instrument Multisim and DasyLab. The former can be applied for designing, testing and simulations of electronic and digital elements and systems. The latter is used for designing virtual measuring systems for obtaining measuring data from real objects and measuring sensors. Both software packages can be fruitfully applied in research and in the teaching of technology-related subjects. The paper presents examples of both kinds of applications of the software under scrutiny.

Analyzing the particularities of electronic circuits simulation in the software package Simulink using a transistor amplifier as an example

Means of simulation of electronic circuits in software package Simulink are considered in the article using the model of a transistor amplifier as an example, assembled as a common-emitter circuit. It is shown, that for making models of electronic components mathematical blocks are very important, and for simulation of electrical connections the blocks of electrical and electronic components are convenient to use. For simulation of complex electronic systems the block-hierarchical approach is very suitable. It is shown, that the means of simulation in software package Simulink are very effective for making the models of electronic circuits and that they can be the real alternative to CAD software for the modern electronic circuits simulation.